{"id":197,"date":"2023-11-04T12:56:29","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T16:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/?p=197"},"modified":"2024-09-04T16:10:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T20:10:39","slug":"military","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/military\/","title":{"rendered":"Military"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a2143db59e691143e4cef081037f088c has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8be1afae wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-fbddc8f4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-stretch is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-body-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">For Sir John Graves Simcoe, part of the appeal of the forks of the Thames in 1793 was its distance from the United States, a potential enemy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-body-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">About four decades later, London became Western Canada\u2019s military headquarters following the Upper Canada Rebellion (1837-1838). The presence of the military jumpstarted London\u2019s growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-body-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">In the 20th century, Canada\u2019s conflicts overseas galvanized Londoners. In both world wars, they enlisted in Canada\u2019s military. They worked in their city\u2019s factories. They volunteered their time. And they gave their money.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"850\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min-1800x850.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3150\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min-1800x850.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min-1200x566.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min-768x362.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min-1536x725.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1979.010.008_-aw-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 7th Fusiliers, Stanley Barracks, After 1870, Gift of H. J. Cleeve, London, Ontario, 1979 <br>1979.010.008<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide is-style-plain has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:400\">Explore the conflicts that impacted London and Londoners…<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-style-horizontal-overflow is-style-horizontal-timeline is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-212337f5 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-bottom-width:4px;padding-left:0\">\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#upper-canada-rebellion\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ef96a47e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-left-width:4px;padding-left:1.5rem\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-0232174d087116ff4656aa7c6df6e7f9 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase\">1837 – 1838<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">Upper Canada <br>Rebellion<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#thefenian-raids\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ef96a47e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-left-width:4px;padding-left:1.5rem\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-ba7c102bf23ff2febd8c3eca56e0b48d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase\">1866 – 1871<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">Fenian Raids<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#northwest-resistance\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ef96a47e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-left-width:4px;padding-left:1.5rem\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-bca2f490d2c7481f76e3c2fbf5c5ecc4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase\">1885<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">Northwest Resistance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#south-africa\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ef96a47e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-left-width:4px;padding-left:1.5rem\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-40472f29c04922674bea38379425ac37 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase\">1899 – 1902<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">South African War<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#first-war\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ef96a47e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-left-width:4px;padding-left:1.5rem\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-39eb287368dc85e71406f75c86768f2a wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase\">1914 – 1918<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">First World War<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#second-war\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-ef96a47e wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-left-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-left-width:4px;padding-left:1.5rem\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-3a63dc6992245e5f3aaea618ffd16d61 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase\">1939 – 1945<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;line-height:1.2\">Second World War<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-wpseopress-table-of-contents has-small-font-size\"><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#upper-canada-rebellion\">Upper Canada      Rebellion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#thefenian-raids\">The Fenian Raids<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#northwest-resistance\">Northwest Resistance<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#south-africa\">South African War<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#first-war\">First World War<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#second-war\">Second World War<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-80e2daced1d111e4564c89d5eb592ee0 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80410f31bf91588794adb28b9567ddbc wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">1837 – 1838<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"upper-canada-rebellion\" style=\"margin-top:0.5rem\">Upper Canada <br>     Rebellion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWe lived in hourly apprehension of invasion\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<cite>Verschoyle Cronyn, reminiscences, 1911<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLondon was so thickly beset with disaffected Americans during the rebellion, that it was deemed necessary\u2026to station this force in the heart of the district\u2026\u201d <\/p>\n<cite>Sir Richard Henry Bonnycastle, <em>Canada and the Canadians<\/em>, 1849<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-a46d5f64 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">The 1837 Upper Canada Rebellion played a significant role in shaping London\u2019s future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In December 1837, rebels in Upper Canada hoped to overthrow the Upper Canadian political and religious establishment. They wanted a say in the province\u2019s political affairs.\u2028 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">British forces quickly dispersed the rebels and their leaders fled to the United States. From there, they staged raids into the Western District. \u2028 \u2028 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In response to the rebellion and to quash border raids, the British military established new garrisons, including one at London. Serving the varied needs of this garrison led to the community\u2019s growth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-reverse-cols is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-a46d5f64 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-xx-large-font-size\" id=\"rebel-leader\">Rebel Leader<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In December 1837, Dr. Charles Duncombe led the Upper Canadian rebellion in the London District. Learning of William Lyon Mackenzie\u2019s uprising in Toronto, Duncombe gathered several hundred supporters to stage a rebellion further west. Hearing of Mackenzie\u2019s failure and the amassing of an opposing force, Duncombe and his men fled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"978\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min-978x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3256\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.75;object-fit:contain;width:auto;height:550px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min-978x1200.jpg 978w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min-652x800.jpg 652w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min-768x942.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min-1252x1536.jpg 1252w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.1.1-gr1-jpeg-resized-min.jpg 1630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 978px) 100vw, 978px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN 2895907<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e912bbd3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-bottom-width:2px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lt-Col. Maitland\u2019s Coffin Plate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This shield decorated Lieutenant-Colonel John Maitland\u2019s coffin during his January 1839 funeral in London. Londoners lined the streets to watch the procession. A year earlier, they had watched as Maitland and his 32nd Regiment marched into the village to establish a garrison. These forces quashed cross border raids in the Western District that Charles Duncombe and others organized from the United States.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.3%\">    <li id=\"1968.003.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1968.003.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0acb49d1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The London Garrison<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dennis O\u2019Brien\u2019s red brick building stands to the left of the crenellated courthouse in George Russell Dartnell\u2019s 1841 watercolour. When the British garrison arrived, military officers lived in there until barracks could be built. For their part, the men lived in tents. The military paid cash to local builders to construct the new barracks. It also paid local businesses cash for food, beer, and leather goods. This helped end the economic hardship the rebellion had caused. It also promoted London\u2019s growth as new entrepreneurs arrived. Except for the period 1854-1862, the military stayed until 1869.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dartnell-george-russell-the-gaol-and-courthouse-london-canada-west-c.-1841-48.a.61-low-res.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dartnell-george-russell-the-gaol-and-courthouse-london-canada-west-c.-1841-48.a.61-low-res-768x540.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1767\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dartnell-george-russell-the-gaol-and-courthouse-london-canada-west-c.-1841-48.a.61-low-res-768x540.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dartnell-george-russell-the-gaol-and-courthouse-london-canada-west-c.-1841-48.a.61-low-res-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/dartnell-george-russell-the-gaol-and-courthouse-london-canada-west-c.-1841-48.a.61-low-res.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">George Russell Dartnell, 1799-1878<br><em>The Gaol and Courthouse, London, Canada West<\/em>, c. 1841 (Reproduction)<br>watercolour<br>Art Fund, 1948<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Royal Welsh Fusiliers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lieutenant Thomas Parker Rickford (1820-1869), of the 23rd (Royal Welsh Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot, stored some of his belongings in this box. He was with the regiment when it was stationed in London in the mid-1840s. The regiment returned for the years 1850 to 1853.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1976.047.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1976.047.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dfcd3489c3daf72df6ad1f6649df2aeb has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Punishing the Rebels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cell ventilation grate formed part of the new London jail completed in 1846. The original jail was too small, leading to terrible overcrowding in the wake of the Upper Canada Rebellion (1837-1838). Justice was harsh, too. Six rebels were hanged after a failed attack at Windsor on December 27, 1838.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"2008.027.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2008.027.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-620fe87a78265256827813913f80a182 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0f7ad357881a4292ccf950540bb35a6e wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">1866 – 1871<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"thefenian-raids\" style=\"margin-top:0.5rem\">The Fenian Raids<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e1ac3b87 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warn your company to be ready to turn out at a moment’s notice.<\/p>\n<cite>Telegram from Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Taylor to Captain John C. Frank, 1868<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"is-style-default has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Between 1866 and 1871, the American-based Fenian Brotherhood hoped to secure Ireland\u2019s independence from Britain by capturing Canada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1865, Britian crushed the Irish independence movement. In response, membership grew in the Fenian Brotherhood, a secret society that included many Irish American Civil War veterans.\u2028 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They hoped to bring about Irish independence by staging cross-border raids into Canada. From 1866 through to 1871, British and Canadian officials monitored Fenian activity, deploying military forces to Sarnia, Windsor, and other locations to engage them. \u2028 \u2028<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Fenians defeated a small Canadian force at the Battle of Ridgeway in June 1866. Their other raids failed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"click-on-the-objects-to-learn-more-1\">Click on the objects to learn more…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0f4b42bf wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1966.009.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1966.009.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1966.034.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1966.034.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1966.034.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1966.034.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1969.008.013\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1969.008.013\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-4a7acece67ad67718aa992da48551472 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">A Fenian Raid Veteran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1899, Gunner J. Law of the London Field Battery applied to receive this Fenian Raid service medal. To be eligible, he had to have been on active service in the field, detailed for a specific duty, or have guarded a location where a raid was anticipated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"1994.004.018\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1994.004.018\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1587\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min-1587x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3149\" style=\"width:auto;height:750px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min-1587x1200.jpg 1587w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min-1058x800.jpg 1058w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min-768x581.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min-1536x1161.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1958.001.205-aw-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1587px) 100vw, 1587px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, July 1, 1867, Transfer from the London and Middlesex Historical Society, 1958<br>1958.001.205<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-spur-to-confederation\">A Spur to Confederation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Above London\u2019s 7th Battalion, London Light Infantry, pose on the first Dominion Day, July 1, 1867. The Fenian Raids helped bring about Canadian Confederation in 1867. The individual provinces recognized their vulnerability to attack. They also recognized the United States\u2019 military and economic strength.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-044e0ed903b62e74124042f5599ef54e has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-233db03b1ee820ce039fb05ae33e8131 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">1885<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"northwest-resistance\" style=\"margin-top:0.5rem\">Northwest Resistance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In 1885, London\u2019s 7th Battalion Fusiliers left London for the long journey to join government forces in the Northwest. They arrived after the conflict ended.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Louis Riel led Indigenous fighters in a series of battles against government forces in 1885.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First Nations and M\u00e9tis fought to protect their rights, land, and ways of life against government encroachment. For its part, the government fought to solidify its hold on the land and to demonstrate military capacity to land-hungry Americans. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After a series of battles, Riel\u2019s forces lost at Batoche in May 1885.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Click on the objects to learn more…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1a1833c8 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">    <li id=\"2003.024.019\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2003.024.019\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2003.024.005\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2003.024.005\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1958.001.137\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1958.001.137\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1723\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-1723x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1756\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-1723x1200.jpg 1723w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-1149x800.jpg 1149w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-768x535.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-1536x1070.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.2.1-gr1-1999.011.106-2048x1427.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1723px) 100vw, 1723px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1885, Collection of Museum London, 1999 <br>1999.011.106<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-125036a0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h\">Home from the Northwest<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\">Here you see the 7th Battalion Fusiliers home from their participation in the Northwest Resistance. Mobilized on April 1, 1885, they returned to London in July without having fired a shot in battle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-9c89ac1965a6c445fa8db2b35e3dc682 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fa423ab9fbe3fdc3514b8d93afa34453 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">1899 – 1902<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"south-africa\" style=\"margin-top:0.5rem\">South African War<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7fbac661 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The platform from end to end was packed\u2026<\/p>\n<cite><em>London Free Press<\/em>, October 26, 1899<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Between 1899 and 1902, Londoners were among the 7000 Canadians to fight in Britain\u2019s South African War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As with many English Canadians, patriotic zeal fired Londoners when Great Britain’s war with the Boer Republic began in October 1899. They believed that Great Britain was fighting a war to bring British civilization to a backward people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of the young men who enlisted believed it was their duty to support the Mother Country. Many also hoped for adventure and an escape from humdrum lives. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the home front, Londoners supported the troops, harnessed economic opportunities the war presented, and mourned their dead.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-reverse-cols is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1661\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031-1661x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A faded black and white photograph depicts a train at a train station crowded in a sea of people. People stand on the roofs of the buildings in the distance, crowding the scene.\" class=\"wp-image-1497\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031-1661x1200.jpg 1661w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031-1108x800.jpg 1108w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031-1536x1109.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/3.2.2-gr1-2015.026.031.jpg 1919w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1661px) 100vw, 1661px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1899, Collection of Museum London, 2015<br>2015.026.031<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-xx-large-font-size wp-elements-1a0038256b38fc200b3473c80e16583e\" id=\"rebel-leader\">To South Africa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here volunteers leave London on October 25, 1899, to fight in Great Britain\u2019s South African War (1899-1902). Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier (1841-1919) addressed them before they left. He complimented the men on their loyalty to the flag and urged them to do their duty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"click-on-the-objects-to-learn-more-1\">Click on the objects to learn more…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b929502 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">    <li id=\"1962.075.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.075.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2024.001.025\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2024.001.025\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1990.018.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.018.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1977.103.021\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1977.103.021\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-4fb76698bf8cbbdee153cbf9a251bafb has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38bcacda6b441f2a7076afde82f9f8a3 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">1914 – 1918<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"first-war\" style=\"margin-top:0.5rem\">First World War<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wild cheers went up when the declaration of war was announced\u2026<\/p>\n<cite><em>London Free Press<\/em>, August 5, 1914<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The men, women, and children of London participated in the First World War in a wide variety of ways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When Great Britain declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914, Canada was at war. London\u2019s men, women and children participated overseas and at home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thousands of men and women enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At home, men and women worked in industry and on farms to supply munitions and food. Adults and children alike raised money and made comforts for those overseas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the war’s end on November 11, 1918, until today, Londoners remember the war and those who served.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min-1800x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min-1800x602.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min-1200x401.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min-768x257.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min-1536x514.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min-18x6.jpg 18w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2002.022.141-aw-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1914, Transfer from the London and Middlesex Historical Society, 2002<br>2002.022.141<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cResponding to the Call\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this patriotic drawing, Great Britain, represented by the adult lion, summons the countries of its Empire, including Canada, to join its war effort. Britain had declared war on August 4, 1914. Part of the British Empire, Canada was immediately at war, too. Britain had declared war because Germany had reneged on an 1839 treaty to respect Belgian neutrality when it invaded that country in August 1914.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1588\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min-1588x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min-1588x1200.jpg 1588w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min-1059x800.jpg 1059w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min-1536x1160.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1978.044.063-c-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1588px) 100vw, 1588px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Print, 1914-1918, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. G.C. Tomlinson, Londo, Ontario, 1978<br>1978.044.063<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signing up Londoners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1914 panoramic photograph above, men of the 18th \u201cWestern Ontario\u201d Battalion stand on the grounds of Wolseley Barracks, Carling Heights. The battalion was authorized on November 7, 1914. In late 1915, the 142nd Battalion, \u201cLondon\u2019s Own,\u201d began recruiting in the city. It was the only unit composed entirely of Londoners.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2016.039.142\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2016.039.142\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-reverse-cols is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0acb49d1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-top-width:2px;margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default wp-duotone-duotone-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1641\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-1641x1200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3144\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.7777777777777777;object-fit:cover;width:auto;height:425px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-1641x1200.jpeg 1641w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-1094x800.jpeg 1094w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-768x562.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-1536x1123.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-2048x1498.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr2-rc519-soldiers-33rd-battalion-of-moravian-indians-undated-arc-49-25a-min-16x12.jpeg 16w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1641px) 100vw, 1641px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Moraviantown Recruits, 1914, Regional Collection, Western Archives, Western University, London, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First Nations Recruits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These men from Moraviantown joined the 33rd Battalion in London in 1914. They were among the almost 4,000 men of Indigenous ancestry in Canada to enlist. Many encountered racial prejudice at first but later gained acceptance. They proved to be skilled and effective soldiers and officers. At least 50 earned decorations for bravery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-0d33378fc24721543478b6ff0a8e4453 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">African Canadians in the CEF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, one African Canadian soldier sits among his white counterparts. When war broke out, many Black Canadians wanted to enlist. The majority found that racist attitudes blocked their admission. They continued to lobby and in July 1916 the No. 2 Construction Battalion was established in Nova Scotia. More than 6000 Black Canadians from across the country enlisted, including this man.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"2015.014.039\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2015.014.039\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e8ed183af2e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e8ed183af2e\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1139\" height=\"786\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr4-men-at-carling-heights-min.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3145\" style=\"width:auto;height:500px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr4-men-at-carling-heights-min.jpg 1139w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr4-men-at-carling-heights-min-768x530.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr4-men-at-carling-heights-min-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1139px) 100vw, 1139px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hines Studio Collection, c. 1915, Western Archives, Western University, London, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Training New Recruits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, new recruits line up at the training camp at London\u2019s Carling Heights in 1915. In 1914, training in Canada happened at Valcartier Camp. Later, the government decentralized training. London welcomed thousands of new recruits who had to be trained to follow orders and to use different weapons. Londoners found the influx difficult but developed services to amuse the soldiers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">Rest and Relaxation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94be5115 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These soldiers relax at London\u2019s Morkin Hotel (right) and in the smoking room of the Soldiers\u2019 Club established by the Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire (below). As business owners, charitable workers, and private citizens, Londoners tried to make the thousands of soldiers who flooded the city comfortable.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1995.016.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1995.016.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1578\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min-1578x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3146\" style=\"width:623px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min-1578x1200.jpg 1578w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min-1052x800.jpg 1052w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min-1536x1168.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr5-morkins-house-hotel-western-afc-341-s14-i15-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1578px) 100vw, 1578px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, around 1915, Hines Studio Collection, Western Archives, Western University, London, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Victory Loan 1918<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This 1918 subscriber card and pin feature the Victory Loan honour flag. When London received its flag, it also featured a crown. It told all who saw it that Londoners had subscribed 25% above their quota. London had raised $9, 087,100 instead of $7,300,000. The 1918 war bond drive was the fourth the Canadian government launched to pay its war debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1977.104.012\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1977.104.012\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2006.036.047\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2006.036.047\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">“A Help to Victory…”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">London’s Louise Wyatt received these certificates in 1916 and 1917 for buying war savings stamps. She was one of thousands of children across Canada who supported Canada\u2019s war effort in this way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1978.016.173\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1978.016.173\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1978.016.175\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1978.016.175\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1978.016.174\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1978.016.174\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Comforts for the Troops<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The volunteer work of the men and women of London and the surrounding region was crucial to Canada\u2019s war effort. They knit socks and sweaters and sewed bandages and pajamas, among hundreds of other items. These things not only looked after the soldiers physically but emotionally, too. They were concrete evidence that their loved ones had not forgotten them.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2006.002.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2006.002.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69e8ed18407fb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69e8ed18407fb\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1529\" height=\"1200\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min-1529x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3142\" style=\"width:859px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min-1529x1200.jpg 1529w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min-1019x800.jpg 1019w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min-768x603.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min-1536x1206.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr6-1999.011.266_-aw-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1529px) 100vw, 1529px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1914-1918, Collection of Museum London, 1999<br>1999.011.266<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prohibition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a pre-First World War pro-Temperance button. Its owner would have been satisfied when the federal government enacted prohibition in 1917. This measure was intended to prevent waste, maximize efficiency, and preserve grain resources by banning the manufacture, import and sale of alcohol. Prohibition was repealed shortly after the war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">    <li id=\"1980.043.045\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1980.043.045\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"click-on-the-objects-to-learn-more-1\">Click on the objects to learn more…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2001.022.019\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2001.022.019\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2006.002.005\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2006.002.005\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1962.085.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.085.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-0308b88ee0a4456ab5331ffe357c39a0 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-rounded is-style-rounded--1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"989\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min-989x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3147\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/4;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min-989x1200.jpg 989w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min-660x800.jpg 660w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min-768x931.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min-1266x1536.jpg 1266w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.1-gr9-resized-min.jpg 1649w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 989px) 100vw, 989px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Reproduced from Souvenir Program, 1916, Gift of Dr. A. M. J. Hyatt, 2001<br>2001.026.003<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Dr. Edwin Seaborn (1872-1951)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1916, Dr. Seaborn received command of the No. 10 \u201cUniversity of Western Ontario\u201d Stationary Hospital. By December 1917, the unit operated a 400-bed hospital in Calais, France. By the end of the war, the No. 10 Canadian Stationary Hospital had cared for over 16,000 patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following Seaborn\u2019s 1951 death, his wife Ina, received the Memorial Cross. Although he had lived a full life, Seaborn\u2019s war service contributed to his death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1982.004.052\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1982.004.052\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2020.027.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2020.027.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Nursing Sisters<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Londoner Agnes Balfour Davis (b. 1875) received these medals for her service as one of Canada\u2019s more than 3,000 Nursing Sisters. Davis enlisted in September 1914 and was among the 2,504 who served overseas. She returned to Canada in 1916, suffering from the stress of work. She was lucky. Fifty-three of her nursing sister colleagues died from wounds, disease, or drowning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1962.019.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.019.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1962.019.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.019.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1962.019.003\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.019.003\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"click-on-the-objects-to-learn-more-1\">Click on the objects to learn more…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0f4b42bf wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2007.019.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2007.019.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1999.003.195\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1999.003.195\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1958.001.363\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1958.001.363\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1962.027.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.027.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-f529459a6461ca08260f77c435a8c47f has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-suede-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-711dd48f7cc469b1731cd0e044b4c2ce wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">1939 – 1945<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"second-war\" style=\"margin-top:0.5rem\">Second <br>World War<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Canada at War with Nazis; House Almost Unanimous<\/p>\n<cite><em>London Free Press<\/em>, September 11, 1939<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">From 1939 to 1945, Londoners were part of a Total War that drew men and women into the military and mobilized all the community’s resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Canada declared war on Germany on September 10, 1939, seven days after Great Britain. The following six years saw thousands of London\u2019s young men and women enlist in the various branches of the Canadian military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At home, men and women worked in industry and on farms to supply munitions and food. Adults and children alike raised money and made comforts for those overseas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the war’s end in Europe in May 1945 and in the Pacific in August 1945, until today, Londoners remember the war and those who served.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min-1800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3148\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min-1800x1200.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/3.3.2-gr2-lfp-sept-4-1939-war-extras-papers-sold-downtown-afc-177-s3-ss4-f842-jpeg-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Photograph, <em>London Free Press<\/em> Collection, Western Archives, Western University, London, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-accent-5-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-470e0cb4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-fbddc8f4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-rounded wp-duotone-unset-3 is-style-rounded--2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1566\" height=\"916\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1757\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001.jpg 1566w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001-1200x702.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001-768x449.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001-1536x898.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2016.018.001-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1566px) 100vw, 1566px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1939, Gift of Don Johnston, Barrie, Ontario, 2016<br>2016.018.001<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"showing-support\">Showing Support<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Londoners wore pins to welcome King George VI (1895-1952) and Queen Elizabeth (1900-2002) on their visit to London on June 7, 1939, a stop on their Canadian tour (May 17 to June 15). Left, they are pictured greeting some of London’s First World War veterans. It was the first time a reigning monarch had visited Canada. Londoners, as with other Canadians, recognized the purpose of the visit: to muster support for England in the event of war.<\/p>\n\n\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1975.028.017\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1975.028.017\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"click-on-the-objects-to-learn-more\">Click on the objects to learn more…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9546531d wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2008.005.059\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2008.005.059\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1982.010.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1982.010.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1979.043.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1979.043.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2019.015.003\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2019.015.003\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1981.001.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1981.001.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1981.001.003\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1981.001.003\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1981.001.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1981.001.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1962.022.009\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1962.022.009\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1970.012.007\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1970.012.007\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1970.012.008\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1970.012.008\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1994.047.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1994.047.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.5331\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.5331\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2016.046.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2016.046.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1993.045.091\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1993.045.091\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gordon Russell Elliot joined the RCAF with the hope of becoming a pilot, but his medical examination revealed that he was colour blind and therefore could not distinguish the various lights on the instrumentation panel. He switched to navigation but a crash-landing during training prompted him to transfer to the dispatch rider section of the army. He was on the train to Halifax when peace was declared.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2005.001.001B\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2005.001.001B\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2005.001.001A\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2005.001.001A\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In the RCNVR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Londoner Lieutenant James Shuttleworth wore this Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve service cap. He served on a frigate in the North Atlantic during the Battle of the Atlantic, helping to protect vessels from German submarine attacks. Those vessels carried crucial military supplies and personnel from Canada to the United Kingdom.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1995.021.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1995.021.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Londoners in Italy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From left to right, Londoners Captain Sam Lerner, Captain R. B. Watson, Major M. H. Hodgins, Captain J. A. Johnston, and Captain J. L. Morrison pose in San Vito Chietino, Italy, in 1944. They were among the more than 93,000 Canadians who fought in the Italian Campaign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.3.2-gr6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"590\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.3.2-gr6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1759\" style=\"object-fit:cover\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1944, Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN 3203793<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liberating the Netherlands<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Londoner Irene Brown (1893-1978) received the Dutch wooden clog from M. K. Roblin. It is engraved \u201cM.K.R. Holland \u201945.\u201d Perhaps Roblin was part of the First Canadian Army. From September 1944 to April 1945, Canadians fought German forces in the Netherlands. They opened the country to food and other aid as they cleared out the German forces.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1975.047.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1975.047.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Women’s Services<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some 22,000 Canadian women served in the Canadian Women\u2019s Army Corps between 1941 and 1946. As with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force, the army recruited women to free men for combat roles. They worked as cooks, drivers, and office workers, among other tasks. In London, Helen Brownlee was the first woman to enlist with the CWAC.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.030.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.030.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-945f4a1bf095a3f4a0482692d08aad92 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">With the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorne Benner (b. 1924) served as a signaller on HMCS <em>Stormont<\/em> from 1943 until 1945. This River-class frigate escorted convoys during the Battle of the Atlantic. It also supported the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0f4b42bf wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2012.016.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.016.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2012.016.003\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.016.003\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2012.016.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.016.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2012.016.005\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.016.005\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2012.016.006\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.016.006\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2012.016.007\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.016.007\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2013.006.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2013.006.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">War is Over<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Honourable Ray Lawson, Ontario\u2019s Lieutenant-Governor, received this commemorative trowel. He had laid the cornerstone of a new wing to London\u2019s Children\u2019s War Memorial Hospital on October 26, 1949. At the end of the First World War, Londoners chose to build the hospital to remember their war dead and honour those who fought. Londoners chose the same path at the end of the Second World War. The war in Europe had ended on May 8 and the war in the Pacific on August 15, 1945.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">    <li id=\"2004.037.045\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2004.037.045\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Military concerns and events have shaped London\u2019s history from the beginning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4447,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions\/4447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}