{"id":201,"date":"2023-11-04T12:56:42","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T16:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/?p=201"},"modified":"2025-05-20T09:18:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T13:18:00","slug":"industry-labour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/industry-labour\/","title":{"rendered":"Industry and Labour"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-d3edc28a4128f3b5a52e4419c197ee8b has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7fbac661 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-1800x1127.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1127\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-1800x1127.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1779\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-1800x1127.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-1200x751.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-768x481.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-1536x962.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3.2-gr4-1959.042.005-aw-2048x1282.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Atlantic Petroleum, Hamilton Road, 1875, Gift of B. S. Scott, London, Ontario, 1959.<br>1959.042.005<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Early London included farms, stores, and small industries that served a growing local market<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">As the population grew and transportation networks improved, London\u2019s manufacturing sector took off. Entrepreneurs established a wide range of industries in which workers produced goods for expanding local, regional, national, and international markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, these industries responded to changing technology and markets. Some even continue to operate today.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-alignwide has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);font-style:italic;font-weight:300\">Explore the industries that helped make London the thriving city it is today…<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-accent-background-color has-background is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-92a74412 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#mccormick\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2481\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1641\" alt=\"A slightly rusting tin box is revealed by the worn paper label that once fully covered it. The label is covered in lettering advertising Jersey Cream Sodas by McCormick. There is a small illustration on the front of the box of a youth in British regalia, complete with a jaunty 3-pointed hat and long red military coat that is far too large for his size.\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-825x800.jpg 825w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-1238x1200.jpg 1238w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-768x744.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-1536x1489.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.1-ar2-2012.011.077-2048x1985.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">The McCormick  <br>Manufacturing <br>Company Limited<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#kellog\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1645\" alt=\"A yellowed paper coupon illustrated in shades of green to look like currency. The ornate frame bears Kellog's Pep in text around the edges. A large 5 cent illustration sits in an ornate circular frame at the top center of the coupon. The money saving coupon boasts that Pep is &quot;a delicious, ready-to-eat cereal containing bran and other parts of wheat... mildly laxative... helps supply valuable proteins and minerals.&quot;\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.2-ar2-2002.003.001-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">Kellogg Company of <br>Canada Limited<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#labatt\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1871\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1618\" alt=\"An aged poster with worn edges shows the Labatt brewing facilities illustrated in the center with John Labatt Ale and Stout in bold red lettering.\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-1095x800.jpg 1095w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-1642x1200.jpg 1642w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-768x561.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-1536x1122.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-ar3-2001.010.001-2048x1497.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">Labatt’s Brewery<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#mcclary\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2293\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1674\" alt=\"The cast iron stove is faded, but still looks in pristine and well-cared for condition. You would never know it was well over 100 years old. It is rectangular, with the door on the short angle. A shelf sites under the door to help with loading and unloading savoury dishes from inside.\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-893x800.jpg 893w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-1340x1200.jpg 1340w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-768x688.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-1536x1376.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-ar4-1967.012.001-2048x1835.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">The McClary  <br>Manufacturing Company<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#somerville\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2560\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1654\" alt=\"The worn box shows the image for the 460 interlocking pieces puzzle. It is a mama pheasant in the wintery snow under a decidious tree, her baby pheasant behind her protective and alert body.\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.5-ar4-2006.022.003-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">Somerville Industries<br>Limited<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#lawson-jones\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1994\" height=\"2560\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1656\" alt=\"A worn sheet of paper, it's edges torn and curling, bears labels for common pharmacy products from the 20th century including: Alcohol, Olive Oil, Glycerine, Bay Rum, Cough Mixture, Sulphur, Epsom Salts, Witch Hazel, Paregoric, Essence Vanilla, Turpentine, Cod Liver oil, benzine, rochelle salts, tincture of iron, glycerine and rose water, aromatic cascara, hoffman's topfen, and powdered borax.\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-scaled.jpg 1994w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-623x800.jpg 623w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-935x1200.jpg 935w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-768x986.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-1196x1536.jpg 1196w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-ar3-1595x2048.jpg 1595w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1994px) 100vw, 1994px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">Lawson &amp; Jones<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-ghub-url=\"#ward\" class=\"has-ghub-link wp-block-cover is-light is-style-hide-content\" style=\"min-height:30vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1904\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1657\" alt=\"A grainy black and white photograph of the staff of W. Ward Cigar Manufacturer. 4 men with the handlebar moustaches and aprons of that era, 4 women wearing petticoats, and 3 young boys stand outside the building in a row.\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-scaled.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-1075x800.jpg 1075w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-1613x1200.jpg 1613w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-1536x1143.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023.001-2048x1523.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-suede-background-color has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-heading-font-family has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2\">William Ward &amp; Sons<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-wpseopress-table-of-contents\"><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#mccormick\">The McCormick Manufacturing Company Limited<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#kellog\">Kellogg Company of Canada Limited<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#labatt\">Labatt’s Brewery<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#mcclary\">The McClary Manufacturing Company<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#somerville\">Somerville Industries Limited<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#lawson-jones\">Lawson &amp; Jones<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ward\">William Ward &amp; Sons<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-0f67d21ddee26b6f413f800da2f2363e has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"mccormick\">The McCormick Manufacturing <br>Company Limited<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-heritage-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-470e0cb4 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Little Lord Fauntleroy trademark \u2026 represents quality and stands for the highest achievement in the art of biscuit making.<\/p>\n<cite><em>Canadian Grocer<\/em>, March 1918<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">The McCormick Manufacturing Company produced biscuits, crackers, and candies in London for almost 150 years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomas McCormick opened the Dominion Steam Confectionary and Biscuit Works in 1858.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By 1879, the business became the McCormick Manufacturing Company Limited. The company flourished, serving first the region, and later establishing branches across the country.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1926, McCormick\u2019s purchased competitor, D. S. Perrin and Company. Together, they became the Canada Biscuit Company.&nbsp;After changing hands multiple times, the business closed in 2006.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">McCormick’s Second Factory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1872, Thomas McCormick built the factory depicted on this crate. Located on the southeast corner of Dundas and Wellington streets, this factory replaced a smaller one that stood on Clarence. As the black smoke coming out of the chimney illustrates, coal fires produced the steam that powered the works.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1993.092.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1993.092.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Innovations in Packaging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1880s, Thomas McCormick implemented unit packaging, like this tin, for retail sales. Before, manufacturers had shipped crackers to retailers in bulk using barrels. To create brand recognition, in the 1890s McCormick adopted a recognizable logo: Little Lord Fauntleroy, a character author Frances Hodgson Burnett introduced in 1885.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2012.011.077\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2012.011.077\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0acb49d1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-top-width:2px;margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The “Sunshine Palace”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1913, the McCormick Manufacturing Company, Limited built a new factory in East London, drawn by tax breaks London\u2019s city council had offered. Local architects, Watt and Blackwell, designed it. Nicknamed the \u201cSunshine Palace,\u201d the building contained 45,000 feet of glass and was celebrated as the most sanitary candy factory in North America. Now a heritage structure, plans are underway to turn the building into apartments, offices, and retail space.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/lonpl002416630f.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1447\" height=\"1160\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/lonpl002416630f.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/lonpl002416630f.jpg 1447w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/lonpl002416630f-998x800.jpg 998w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/lonpl002416630f-768x616.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/lonpl002416630f-15x12.jpg 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1447px) 100vw, 1447px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Around 1948, Courtesy of the London Public Library<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">Women Workers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this 1915 photograph, women work at a wrapping machine in the \u201cSunshine Palace.\u201d Thomas McCormick, Jr., had considered the needs of his female workers when designing the factory. Competition for women workers at the time meant that employers who provided the most attractive workplaces would attract and retain the best workers. At the McCormick factory, women enjoyed showers, a library, break rooms, a gymnasium, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large alignwide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1555\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-1555x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1777\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-1555x1200.jpg 1555w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-1037x800.jpg 1037w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-1536x1185.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.1-gr2-afc-341-s8-i21scan-2048x1580.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1555px) 100vw, 1555px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1915, Hines\u2019 Studio Collection, Western Archives, Western University, London, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">Employee Cafeteria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">McCormick workers, both women and men, received one cent tokens like this to redeem at the company cafeteria. Here, employees could purchase inexpensive meals. The cafeteria was another of the amenities included in the \u201cSunshine Palace\u201d to promote employee loyalty and satisfaction. The company\u2019s earlier factory had also included separate dining rooms for men and women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-1200x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3185\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;object-fit:cover;width:auto;height:350px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-800x800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2024.001.028_3-aw-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Token, After 1913, Collection of Museum London, 2024<br>2024.001.028<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"1977.063.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1977.063.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">Link Between Businesses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">London\u2019s Somerville Limited, a company that produced paper boxes among other products, manufactured this McCormick\u2019s biscuit box. In fact, McCormick\u2019s was C. R. Somerville\u2019s first customer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow-down\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-medium-font-size has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"#somerville\">Jump to Somerville<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-814991f3ed7ae8013d26f9c0b99c58b6 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"kellog\">Kellogg Company <br>of Canada Limited<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Kellogg\u2019s Toasted Corn Flakes is boon to the public in general.<\/p>\n<cite><em>London Ontario, 1914<\/em>, 1914<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0f5d4a7e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-35693647 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Kellogg’s began in London in the early 20th century. Changing consumer tastes among other factors led the factory to close in 2014.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a wp-block-paragraph\">In 1906, a group of London businessmen established the Battle Creek Toasted Cornflake Company on Grey Street. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a wp-block-paragraph\">The company grew fast, and in 1914, relocated to a new, larger factory in east London. Renamed the Kellogg Company of Canada in 1924, the business was a fixture in London until 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today the factory building, now called 100 Kellogg Lane, has been converted into an entertainment destination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">Life Chips<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The short-lived Battle Creek Health Food Company transported its cereal, Life Chips, in this crate. This predecessor of the Battle Creek Toasted Cornflake Company opened in London in 1905 and closed by January 1906. Although the company advertised the health-giving properties of Life Chips and its other products, customers did not respond.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2016.035.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2016.035.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A New Home<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">London photographer, Arthur Gleason, captured this aerial view of the Dundas Street Kellogg plant in the 1930s. The company had relocated to this East London site in 1914. Hydroelectricity, introduced in London in 1910, powered the facility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1690\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min-1690x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3403\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min-1690x1200.jpg 1690w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min-1127x800.jpg 1127w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min-1536x1091.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/2004.020.139-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1690px) 100vw, 1690px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1930s, Gift of Alan Gleason, Sarnia, Ontario, 2004<br>2004.020.139<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">A Product for Every Taste<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the years, Kellogg\u2019s produced a range of products from Pep to Krumbles to Frosted Flakes. Over time, though, tastes changed. By 2013, when Kellogg\u2019s announced it would close a year later, cereal sales had declined. Consumers preferred other breakfast foods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2002.003.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2002.003.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2002.003.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2002.003.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2015.012.006\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2015.012.006\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Kellogg\u2019s Leaves London<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kellogg\u2019s employee, Steven Gordon, saved the box of Frosted Flakes (far right), one of the last to come off the production line on December 12, 2014. A company official explained that, along with slumping cereal sales, the aging London plant had become too expensive to maintain. Gordon was among 500 employees to lose their jobs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2015.012.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2015.012.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2015.012.005\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2015.012.005\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-08fb3c213d71a552321044ac7606ec79 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"labatt\">Labatt’s Brewery<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">I have been considering this brewing affair for some time and I do think it would suit me better than anything else.<\/p>\n<cite>Letter from John Labatt to his wife, Eliza, 1847<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">In 1847, John Kinder Labatt and his partner, Samuel Eccles, purchased the London Brewery. He became sole owner in 1853. Today, the brewery that bears his name is still operating in London.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over its long history, Labatt survived Prohibition, fierce competition, and changing tastes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a wp-block-paragraph\">It developed and introduced new products and product packaging to adjust to a shifting market. Over the decades, the company also evolved marketing strategies, like sports sponsorships, to attract consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From the beginning, Labatt invested in the community. In London, it contributed funds for the restoration of historic landmarks and raised money to support local charities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although no longer Canadian-owned, Labatt\u2019s still brews in London today.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">Balkwill Brewery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94be5115 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1828, John Balkwill established the London Brewery, depicted in this 1968 print. Balkwill produced 400 barrels of beer a year and sold much of it in his own tavern. Samuel Eccles purchased the operation from Balkwill and his brother-in-law, George Snell, in 1847. John Kinder Labatt, pictured here, at first Eccles\u2019 partner, bought the brewery in 1853. He renamed it John Labatt\u2019s Brewery.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.5232\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.5232\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"944\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-944x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1781\" style=\"width:1046px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-944x1200.jpg 944w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-630x800.jpg 630w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-768x976.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-1209x1536.jpg 1209w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-1612x2048.jpg 1612w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.3-gr1-2010.011.5437-scaled.jpg 2015w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Mid-19th Century, Gift of the Labatt Brewing Company Limited, 2010 <br>2010.011.5437<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"949\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-949x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A photograph set in an oval paper matte shows a middle-aged John Labatt Junior staring off to the side of the camera's view. He has a white pointed beard and moustache and is wearing a tie with a dark woolen vest and suit jacket as was common at the time.\" class=\"wp-image-1614\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/4;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-949x1200.jpg 949w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-633x800.jpg 633w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-768x971.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-1215x1536.jpg 1215w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-1620x2048.jpg 1620w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2.3-gr2-2010.011.5444-scaled.jpg 2025w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 949px) 100vw, 949px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Late 19th Century, Gift of the Labatt Brewing Company Limited, London, Ontario, 2010<br>2010.011.5444<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-xx-large-font-size\">Prize-Winning Beer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Labatt brewery won this medal at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1878. Afterwards, the company featured it on its beer bottle labels and advertising. By 1878, John Labatt junior, pictured here, had taken over the brewery. He entered the company\u2019s products into many Canadian and international competitions. Winning medal after medal, the company gained fame and sales grew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2010.011.1659\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1659\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2001.010.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2001.010.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.2266\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.2266\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94be5115 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">Temperance and Prohibition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In response to Ontario\u2019s temperance movement, Labatt\u2019s introduced a low-alcohol beer, Comet, in 1910. Later, during Prohibition (1916-1927), the company added two new low-alcohol beers: Cremo Lager and Old London Brew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2010.011.2256\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.2256\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.1884\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1884\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.1715\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1715\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94be5115 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">Surviving Prohibition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labatt\u2019s general manager, E. M. Burke, found inventive ways to help the company weather Ontario\u2019s Prohibition from 1916-1927. Using the railway and converted military vehicles, Burke managed Labatt\u2019s bootlegging operations, allowing for sale of full-strength beer. For this reason, Labatt\u2019s was one of the few Ontario breweries to survive these years.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.5442\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.5442\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">A Beer for Women Too<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\">This 1915 calendar encourages women to drink Labatt beers. Women were an untapped market. In the 19th and into the 20th centuries, women who drank alcohol in public invited criticism for their perceived lack of morals. It would take the upheavals of the First World War (1914-1918) to begin to change this attitude.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.550\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.550\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-body-font-family has-medium-font-size has-text-align-left has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/military\/#first-war\">Learn more about the First World War<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Appealing to the Working Man<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\">Labatt marketed its beers to unionized workers by informing them that its beers were union made. Labatt workers became part of the International Union of Brewery Workers in 1907.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.1671\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1671\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">Brand Appeal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labatt\u2019s introduced Pilsener beer in 1951. Consumers failed to respond to the European-looking mascot, \u201cMr. Pilsener,\u201d and it did not sell well. In the late 1960s, the company redesigned the label: it included a Canadian maple leaf, the colour blue, and the beer\u2019s new name, \u201cLabatt\u2019s Blue.\u201d Labatt\u2019s then launched a new advertising campaign that was geared to the youth market. It featured a blue hot air balloon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2010.011.1669\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1669\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.1597\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1597\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mccormicks-second-factory\">Sports Sponsorships<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labatt\u2019s sponsored the Canadian Football League\u2019s Winnipeg Blue Bombers in 1961. The company later sponsored other sporting events, including the Brier Curling Championship. It believed such sponsorships added value by increasing brand recognition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2010.011.4899\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.4899\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.525\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.525\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0acb49d1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-top-width:2px;margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">A Growing Empire<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Labatt began to acquire breweries across Canada beginning in the 1950s. This included British Columbia\u2019s Lucky Lager Brewery in 1958 (Lucky Lager), Newfoundland\u2019s Bavarian Brewing Company in 1962 (Jockey Club), and Nova Scotia\u2019s Oland &amp; Sons in 1971 (Schooner). Labatt also opened facilities in Montreal in 1956 and Edmonton in 1977. Labatt had facilities in almost every province in Canada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2010.011.1773\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1773\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.3715\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.3715\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.861\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.861\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">A Good Corporate Citizen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although Labatt\u2019s expanded well beyond southwestern Ontario, it never forgot that London helped it grow. From rescuing Tecumseh Park (now Labatt Park) in 1936 (pictured below), to launching a 24-Hour relay in support of the Children\u2019s Aid Society of London-Middlesex in 1987, Labatt\u2019s has always tried to show the community how thankful it is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">    <li id=\"2010.011.4225\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.4225\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/copy-of-gr24-labatt-memorial-park.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1189\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/copy-of-gr24-labatt-memorial-park.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1794\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/copy-of-gr24-labatt-memorial-park.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/copy-of-gr24-labatt-memorial-park-1009x800.jpg 1009w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/copy-of-gr24-labatt-memorial-park-768x609.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1930s, Western Archives, Western University, London, Canada<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-reverse-cols is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"2010.011.1686\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.1686\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-xx-large-font-size\">Enter InterBrew<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1995, Belgian Company InterBrew, makers of Stella Artois, acquired the Labatt Brewing Company, their first international subsidiary. The company had wanted to access the lucrative North American market. The company, which had overextended itself by branching into sports and broadcasting, was ripe for the picking. The Labatt Brewing Company still operates in London.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-d1cc4d6d9c4427a8e065a028c0ba647e has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"mcclary\">The McClary <br>Manufacturing Company<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You know the McClary label. It is safer to insist on it. It is your guarantee of quality.<\/p>\n<cite><em>McClary Wireless<\/em>, 1926<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">With roots in London dating to 1847, the McClary Manufacturing Company evolved its product line over time. It continued to operate in the city into the 1970s<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The McClary Manufacturing Company, as with other early metal working industries in Ontario, benefited from the \u201ctariff of bad roads.\u201d Poor transportation networks made imported goods too expensive for consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, raw materials were plentiful and inexpensive. Iron ore, for example, came to Canada as ballast on ships carrying the growing numbers of immigrants to the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As transportation networks improved in London and beyond, McClary\u2019s grew. It produced a wide range of products for a growing local, regional, national, and international market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-rounded is-style-rounded--1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-869x1200.jpg\" alt=\"A sepia-toned photograph shows a balding man with soft features and bushy eyebrows. He wears a dotted bowtie and a neat vest and suit jacket with minimal lapels.\" class=\"wp-image-1685\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/4;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-869x1200.jpg 869w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-579x800.jpg 579w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-768x1061.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-1112x1536.jpg 1112w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-1482x2048.jpg 1482w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.4-gr1-1999.011.190-scaled.jpg 1853w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-xx-large-font-size wp-elements-bb37ecd5b05ced9b7fbdc22d933c32ab\">John McClary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1852, John McClary joined his brother Oliver’s tinsmith business, launched in 1847. As J. &amp; O. McClary, they soon added a foundry and produced \u201call kinds of stoves, tinners\u2019 supplies, pressed japanned and spliced wares.\u201d They formed the McClary Manufacturing Company in 1871 and produced stoves, agricultural implements, as well as tin, copper, and pressed metal wares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image Left: <\/strong>Photograph, Early 20th Century, Collection of Museum London, 1999 <br>1999.011.190<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0f4b42bf wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1990.015.020\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.020\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1990.015.013\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.013\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1990.015.126\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.126\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1967.012.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1967.012.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-3d5b3f80f5992cf5924d872b6e71aec4 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a4dd29d5 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-cbf85ec8 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1990.015.089\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.089\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introducing Enamelware<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1880, the McClary Manufacturing Company began to produce a wide range of enamelware. Advertising informed vendors and homemakers that it was practical, pretty, and profitable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geographic Expansion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This early 20th century McClary blotter, identifying the locations of the company\u2019s warehouses, illustrates the company\u2019s national reach. It benefited from expanding transportation networks, particularly westward. The company\u2019s products also met the needs of a growing population as immigration to Canada increased in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-cbf85ec8 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1982.019.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1982.019.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">McClary Manufacturing Company Factories<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The McClary Manufacturing Company\u2019s first factory in London was located at the corner of King and Wellington streets. Demolished in 1955, the factory gave way to Wellington Square Mall in 1962. The company built a second factory on Adelaide Street, just north of the Thames River in 1903. Here, workers manufactured cast iron stoves, furnaces, and other products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-cbf85ec8 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1999.011.135\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1999.011.135\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advertising and Promotion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The McClary Manufacturing Company trumpeted the quality and range of its products. From match holders to ashtrays to toys, their goods reminded customers of the McClary name and reputation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1990.015.026\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.026\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1990.015.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1990.015.049\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.049\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tecumseh Ware<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1920s, the McClary Manufacturing Company introduced Tecumseh Ware. Company advertising noted this \u201cgreat Indian ally of the British possessed\u2026staying qualities and loyalty.\u201d Just as \u201cTecumseh stood behind his pledges, McClary\u2019s stand behind every piece of Tecumseh Ware\u2026\u201d For Non-Indigenous Canadians, Tecumseh was a hero of the War of 1812 and the epitome of the \u201cNoble Savage\u201d: virtuous, brave, and strong. In appropriating his name, McClary\u2019s tried to link their product with these qualities. They also objectified and trivialized this Shawnee warrior and leader.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1990.015.155\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1990.015.155\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Range of Power Sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1920s, the McClary Manufacturing Company produced stoves that used different sources of power. Some were wood burners, others oil-fueled, and still others electric. While London households had access to the hydroelectric grid from 1910, many rural households were unconnected. They continued to use wood or oil, fuel they could source locally, and which could be transported by rail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2001.015.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2001.015.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1994.052.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1994.052.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2005.004.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2005.004.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-dc5473b0 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-top-width:2px;margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"2006.033.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2006.033.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General Steel Wares<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1927, five Canadian tinware and stove manufacturers, including the McClary Manufacturing Company, merged to form General Steel Wares. An October 1927 <em>Globe and Mail<\/em> article noted the amalgamation was necessary for the businesses to remain competitive in international markets. General Steel Wares continued to operate in London until the mid-1970s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-13e6bcc433e84781f081e69fcaa72775 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tin Toys<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">James M. Anderson used his skills as a master tinsmith to make these toy kitchen implements in the late 19th century. His daughter, Mildred, recalled playing with them. A McClary employee, perhaps Anderson scavenged scraps leftover from larger McClary products to make these four small pieces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0f4b42bf wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1965.100.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1965.100.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1965.100.003\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1965.100.003\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1965.100.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1965.100.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1965.100.005\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1965.100.005\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1676\" height=\"1142\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1785\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1.jpg 1676w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1-1174x800.jpg 1174w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1-768x523.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1-1536x1047.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1992.031.015a-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1676px) 100vw, 1676px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Early 20th Century, Gift of Ruth Chapman, London, Ontario, 1992<br>1992.031.015A<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Women at McClary’s <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this early 1900s photograph, Maude Woodward and Susan Piercey are pictured working at the McClary Manufacturing Company. Women found limited opportunities there. In 1889, John McClary reported that women worked in the tin department where they did soldering and japanning. They worked in a shop separate from the men and earned between $3 and $5 per week. A male tinsmith earned $9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1609\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-1609x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1786\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-1609x1200.jpg 1609w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-1073x800.jpg 1073w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-768x573.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-1536x1146.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.4-gr4-1982.010.001-aw-2048x1527.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1609px) 100vw, 1609px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Around 1943, Gift of Helen Cox, London, Ontario, 1982<br>1982.010.001<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">War Emergency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These women manufactured munitions at London\u2019s McClary Manufacturing Company during the Second World War (1939-1945). Working class women had worked in factories for decades prior to the war. As a result of the conflict, middle class women joined them. No matter who they were, all women undertook factory work that had been closed to them before the war. They also earned lower wages than men.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fostering Morale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The McClary Manufacturing Company organized events to build employee morale. This included Christmas parties at which workers\u2019 children received small presents such as this plate. They also included company picnics where workers and their families engaged in different activities such as this tug of war. And they included ceremonies to recognize long service such as banquets for those who worked for the company for 25 years or more. John McClary preferred this form of paternalism over unions, something he vehemently opposed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2004.035.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2004.035.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2015.026.036\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2015.026.036\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"2000.001.015\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2000.001.015\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-797c1a84d0d31c4413cab9d83c517028 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"somerville\">Somerville Industries <br>Limited<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Somerville…the name that stands for more than quality…<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7fbac661 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Somerville began in London as a small paper box making enterprise. It soon grew, diversifying its product line to remain competitive in an evolving market.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1886, Charles R. Somerville founded the C. R. Somerville Company to make paper boxes. Starting small with a staff of five young women and one man, the business grew quickly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Over the decades, the company responded to a changing market by expanding across Canada. Through this expansion, the company also diversified its product line, introducing new materials, designs, and services to stay competitive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The business operated in London until 1990.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f212e5b8 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">First Customer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To begin, the McCormick\u2019s Manufacturing Company was C. R. Somerville\u2019s only customer. Soon, workers in his factory turned out boxes for milliners, jewellers, druggists, corset makers, hardware merchants, and more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">    <li id=\"1977.063.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1977.063.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1541\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min-1541x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min-1541x1200.jpg 1541w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min-1028x800.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min-768x598.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min-1536x1196.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.017_-aw-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1541px) 100vw, 1541px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1911, Gift of Somerville Industries Ltd., 1990<br>1990.025.017<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Somerville Paper Box Co.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-32774720 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--10)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here you see the Somerville Paper Box Co. in 1911. By this time, the business had undergone major change. In 1908, C. R. Somerville sold the business to a New York chewing gum manufacturer. Brothers J. K. (1867-1945) and D. H. (1865-1942) McDermid purchased the box-making side of the business from the American firm in 1910. They formed the O-Pee-Chee Gum Company in 1911.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">“Lid-Tight” Technology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The underside of the lid of the Perrin\u2019s Famous Biscuits box bears the stamp: \u201cSomerville\u2019s Lid-Tight Patented Feb. 1926.\u201d Its top explains the benefits of the invention: \u201cNotice This caddy will preserve the keeping qualities of the contents equally as well as tins if the cover is kept closed.\u201d Less expensive to manufacture and ship than tin boxes and as effective, innovative packaging like this gave Somerville a competitive edge.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2011.010.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2011.010.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Unipak<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">London\u2019s Somerville Industries Limited also innovated when it came to packaging beer bottles. Patented in 1957, its Unipak featured a built-in handle, which made the case easy to carry.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.2275\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.2275\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-18a0ae94ff8eb7a8b2d6514452de0f8c has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:61% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1496\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min-1496x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3393 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min-1496x1200.jpg 1496w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min-998x800.jpg 998w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min-768x616.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min-1536x1232.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1990.025.047c-resized-min.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1496px) 100vw, 1496px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Somerville’s Crumlin Plant<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1946, Somerville Paper Boxes Limited consolidated some of its different facilities into this factory located on London\u2019s Crumlin Side Road. Two years before, in 1944, the McDermid brothers had sold their box-making business to Garfield Weston. This London plant closed on November 30, 1990.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image Left:<\/strong> Photograph, After 1946, Gift of Somerville Industries Limited, London, Ontario, 1990<br>1990.025.047<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Introducing Puzzles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1932, Somerville Limited began making jigsaw puzzles. The market for this pastime had exploded as cash-strapped Canadians looked for inexpensive entertainment during the Great Depression. Somerville also appreciated that puzzle-making kept workers employed in the winter when demand for boxes was low. Fewer layoffs made for a happier, more stable workforce.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2006.022.003\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2006.022.003\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Introducing Board Games<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1934, Somerville signed an agreement to manufacture Milton Bradley games. Somerville was well on the road to becoming Canada\u2019s most diversified toy manufacturer, something it achieved by the 1960s.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1995.044.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1995.044.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-dc5473b0 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-top-width:2px;margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">The Giant Chink<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Somerville manufactured this Chinese checkers game in the 1930s. It is evidence of the longstanding anti-Chinese and anti-Asian racism that pervaded Canadian society in the 19th and 20th centuries. It also illustrates how children internalize racist thinking. Language and imagery in toys express ideology and culture. Toys like the Giant Chink teach children to see difference and belittle those who are different from them. This reinforces the oppression of people of colour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"2006.022.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2006.022.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Women at Somerville Limited<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, women assemble paper boxes at the Crumlin Plant. The company actively recruited women. One 1947 advertisement read, \u201cGIRLS\u2014here\u2019s work that is clean, light, interesting, pleasant, [and] profitable.\u201d If this drew them, women were told that successful applicants had to be \u201c\u2026alert, intelligent, and dexterous.\u201d Women employed at Somerville also helped manufacture puzzles and games.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1485\" height=\"1200\" data-id=\"1789\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-1485x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-1485x1200.jpg 1485w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-990x800.jpg 990w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-768x621.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-1536x1241.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr3-1990.025.039j-2048x1655.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1485px) 100vw, 1485px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1950s, Gift of Somerville Industries Limited, 1990<br>1990.025.039J<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1489\" height=\"1200\" data-id=\"1788\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-1489x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1788\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-1489x1200.jpg 1489w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-992x800.jpg 992w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-768x619.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-1536x1238.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.5-gr4-1990.025.042d-2048x1651.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1489px) 100vw, 1489px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, 1950s, Gift of Somerville Industries Limited, 1990<br>1990.025.042D<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-89392f1b83f5ef1d9bed9d0a4b76b7e7 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"lawson-jones\">Lawson &amp; <br>Jones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0f5d4a7e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-column-is-layout-bc05bea3 wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Established in London in 1882 and part of the city until the early 21st century, Lawson and Jones innovated, diversified, and grew to respond to the markets it served.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-35693647 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Lawson and Jones intend to keep on growing \u2026 not in size alone, but in ideas, in service, and in understanding our customer\u2019s needs\u2026 <\/p>\n<cite><em>London Free Press,<\/em> June 11, 1949<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-37df56ef wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a wp-block-paragraph\">In 1882, Frank Lawson, a reporter with the London Advertiser, and Henry Jones, a compositor with the same newspaper, established the printing business that bore their name. At first printing drug labels, the business soon expanded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Lawson family enterprise from 1913, the company diversified its product line as well as adopted new technology. This sped up production and improved quality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although it expanded its operations across Canada, Lawson &amp; Jones remained committed to London and Londoners. It endured in the city into the early 21st century.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1674\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-1674x1200.jpg\" alt=\"An aged black and white photograph taken from across the street of the Lawson &amp; Jones production facility. The viewpoint shows a 3 story brick building with an arched entrance.\" class=\"wp-image-1559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-1674x1200.jpg 1674w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-1116x800.jpg 1116w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-1536x1101.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.6-gr1-1999.011.130-2048x1468.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1674px) 100vw, 1674px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, Early 20th Century, Collection of Museum London, 1999<br>1999.011.130<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This photograph depicts the Lawson &amp; Jones production facility in the early 20th century. The signs in the window announce their product line: folding boxes and cartons, advertising calendars, labels and novelties, and envelopes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Printing Tools<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This lithography stone features designs and artwork for some of the many mastheads, receipts, and invoices Lawson &amp; Jones produced. This stone was used in offset printing. First, workers inked the stone. From there, they transferred or offset the images onto a rubber mat and then onto paper. Offset printing is still a popular form of mass-production printing but uses metal plates instead of lithography stones.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1958.001.353\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1958.001.353\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Druggist Labels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the early 1880s, Lawson &amp; Jones began printing labels for doctors and pharmacists. Frank Lawson had learned that there was no local producer of these labels. Since demand was high, their business flourished. They continued to innovate in the mid-1880s when they began to use pre-gummed paper for these labels. Users no longer had to have a glue pot at the ready.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2002.007.020\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2002.007.020\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-4bca2e30067c16c82003644522a227ce has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f00bab51 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:1rem;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"1999.011.192\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1999.011.192\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Passing the Torch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never strong, Frank Lawson died on October 31, 1911, at only 50-years-old. His son, Ray, a salesman with the company since 1904, became a member of the directorate. By 1913, he arranged to purchase Henry Jones\u2019 shares in the business. Ray Lawson became president of what was still called \u201cLawson and Jones.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"770\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-1800x770.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1793\" style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-1800x770.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-1200x513.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-768x328.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-1536x657.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.6-gr3-2004.037.231-2048x876.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph, around 1940, Gift of the Lawson Family, 2004<br>2004.037.231<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e912bbd3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-bottom-width:2px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lawson &amp; Jones, Folding Box Department<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawson &amp; Jones Folding Box Department staff, pictured above, manufactured cigarette box sleeves, among many other products. Company president, Ray Lawson, secured a contract to make cigarette boxes during the First World War. This kept the company afloat. With access to Germany and Great Britain restricted, calendar supplies were cut off. Advertising calendars had been a company staple.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">    <li id=\"2002.007.056\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2002.007.056\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0acb49d1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">London Printing and Lithographing Company<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawson &amp; Jones acquired the London Printing and Lithographing Company in 1973. This was one among many companies across Canada and beyond that Lawson &amp; Jones purchased as it worked to stay profitable. The London Printing and Lithographing Company had been established in 1890.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1999.011.232\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1999.011.232\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lawson Mardon Group<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just as Lawson &amp; Jones acquired other businesses, it too became part of a larger business as the stamp on this box suggests. In 1953, Mardon, Son and Hall purchased 50% of Lawson &amp; Jones shares. That grew to 75% in 1976. Changes in ownership did not affect London workers until the early 21st century. Although Tom Lawson fought hard to keep the company in London, the plant closed, and Lawson &amp; Jones left the city.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2010.011.911\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2010.011.911\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-heritage-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-2e2318c4881b095d44dc88d716aee48a has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide has-text-align-left\" id=\"ward\">William Ward <br>&amp; Sons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:400\">Established in 1875, William Ward &amp; Sons cigar manufacturing company endured in London until 1952.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">William Ward established his cigar manufacturing firm in 1875. In the early 20th century, this business and its many competitors made London the second largest producer of cigars in Canada after Montreal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As with other local industries, Ward benefited from London\u2019s rail links. The railway brought in raw materials and carried away finished goods to markets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike its many competitors, Ward &amp; Sons survived beyond the early 20th century. Weathering both the First World War (1914-1918) and Prohibition (1916-1927), it wound up operations in 1952.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As with his many competitors, William Ward benefited from Prime Minister John A. Macdonald\u2019s 1879 National Policy. This policy placed duties on manufactured products, like German cigars, but not on unprocessed materials like Cuban and American tobacco. As the less expensive option, consumers gravitated to good quality, locally made cigars.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.019.004\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.004\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-e912bbd3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-bottom-width:2px;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tools of the Trade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Employees at the William Ward cigar factory once used these tools to make cigars by hand: a tobacco cutter, a rolling board, and a cigar gauge and knife. All that is missing is a pot of tragacanth, or gum, to finish the head of the cigar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1991.019.065\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.065\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1994.014.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1994.014.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.019.061\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.061\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-0acb49d1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Skilled Craftsman<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, William Ward employee Richard Swallowell (1890-1953) makes a cigar by hand. At step two of the process, he uses his left hand to handshape the filler leaves that he had already gathered and broken off to the right length. Next, he would have rolled the filler into the binder leaf. Last, Swallowell would have wound the wrapper leaf around the cigar and finished off both ends. It took years to perfect this technique.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.019.005A\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.005A\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cigar-Making Mould<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The de-skilling of cigar-making began with the introduction of cigar moulds like these. The mould did the work of shaping that had once been done by hand. This reduced the training time employees needed and sped up the work. Although men used moulds as well as women, moulds still led to more women in the industry. They had already been employed as wrappers and packers.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.019.051\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.051\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-suede-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-rounded is-style-rounded--3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1613\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-1613x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1795\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover;width:auto;height:600px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-1613x1200.jpg 1613w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-1075x800.jpg 1075w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-1536x1143.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.7-gr2-1991.019.023-2048x1523.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1613px) 100vw, 1613px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-bottom is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-xx-large-font-size\">Ward Employees<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Employees of the Ward Cigar factory pose outside the premises at 64 Dundas Street in this circa 1905 photograph. The industry employed many men. It also had women and children on staff who were far less expensive to employ. Offering further explanation, London cigar manufacturer John Rose noted in 1889, \u201cwomen do not go on strike and do not get drunk.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Photograph, Around 1905, Gift of Mr. Robert B. Ward, 1991<br>1991.019.023<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">“Dolly Varden”<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">William Ward issued this poster to encourage customers to purchase its \u201cDolly Varden\u201d cigars. Dolly was a character in Charles Dickens\u2019 1841 novel, Barnaby Rudge. Perhaps Ward wished to evoke qualities associated with Dickens\u2019 character: goodness and purity. Perhaps he was copying a fad. Everything from a dress to a dry goods store to a fish species was named after Dolly Varden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b09e24dd wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"1991.019.006\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.006\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.019.022\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.019.022\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sir Douglas Haig Cigars<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an expression of patriotism during the First World War (1914-1918), William Ward named a cigar for Sir Douglas Haig. In 1915, Haig became the commander of the British Expeditionary Force, which included the Canadians.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2004.012.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2004.012.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-dc5473b0 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--suede);border-top-width:2px;margin-top:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">    <li id=\"2004.026.034\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2004.026.034\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conferring Sophistication?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">William Ward and his many London competitors enjoyed a robust market for cigars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Less expensive to manufacture, cigars also became less expensive to purchase. No longer the preserve of the upper classes, men of more modest means picked up the habit. For many, cigar smoking suggested sophistication and conferred status and prestige.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-9008477115f7fcde7ab075e2383e875e has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Racist Packaging<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The graphics on cigar boxes featured fictional characters, historic figures, and drawings of plants and animals. Some also featured racist depictions of Japanese, Arab, and Indigenous peoples, among others. All active, vibrant members of Canadian society at the time John McNee &amp; Sons, George E. Patrick, and the London Cigar Company, respectively, released these cigar boxes in the late 1800s through to the early 1900s, the imagery on the boxes depicted them as foreign and exotic \u201cothers.\u201d This aligned with and reinforced the stereotypes and racist ideas that permeated Canadians\u2019 attitudes towards Japanese, Arab, and Indigenous peoples.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9a1e2152 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">    <li id=\"2003.022.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2003.022.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1992.002.010\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1992.002.010\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n\n\n    <li id=\"1991.039.002\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1991.039.002\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-style-center-border is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f3ab6a55 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prohibition and Cigars\u2019 Decline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the Ontario government introduced Prohibition in 1916, cigar manufacturers suffered. Taverns had been a major site of cigar sales.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"2005.006.007\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-2005.006.007\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cigarettes and Cigars\u2019 Decline<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a 1914 Princess Mary Gift Box. Those that officers and men received contained a pipe, a lighter, an ounce of tobacco, and twenty cigarettes. Cigarettes also formed part of soldiers\u2019 weekly rations. When soldiers returned home, they continued to smoke cigarettes instead of cigars. By this time, cigarettes suggested male sociability, modernity, and middle-class respectability.<\/p>\n\n\n    <li id=\"1993.045.001\" class=\"collection-object wp-block-post collection-single-object\" data-id=\"collectionObject-1993.045.001\" data-type=\"collectionObject\">\r\n    <\/li> \r\n  \r\n\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From its founding, London has been a city of workers. They produced the goods and services that met the needs of local and more distant markets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":22,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-201","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4563,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201\/revisions\/4563"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/londonhistoryonline.museumlondon.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}